Loneliness in hoarding disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Meta-analýza
Typy studií podle spolehlivosti
Od nejspolehlivějšího po nejméně spolehlivý.
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Souhrn více studií (meta-analýza, systematický přehled) ← tahle studie
nejspolehlivější obraz, jaký dnes máme. -
Randomizovaný pokus (RCT)
lidé byli rozděleni náhodně, takže rozdíl lze přičíst zásahu. -
Porovnání skupin
skupiny se porovnaly, ale bez náhodného rozdělení; naznačuje účinek. -
Pozorování nebo rozhovory
popisuje, co se děje a co spolu souvisí; příčinu to neukáže. -
Názor odborníků, teorie nebo jeden případ
nic se neměřilo na skupině lidí, jde o zkušenost a výklad.
Typ studie říká, jak byla udělaná, ne jak velký byl účinek.
Nový výzkum
Jak nová je studie
Podle roku vydání; klasika stojí stranou.
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Nový výzkum ← tahle studie
vyšla letos nebo loni. -
Zavedené
vyšla předloni nebo dřív. -
Klasika
práce, na které obor staví.
Stáří neříká, jak je studie spolehlivá. To říká typ studie.
Ve zkratce
People with hoarding disorder report more loneliness than healthy controls, with moderate to large differences. Loneliness and hoarding severity are positively linked; the pooled correlation across studies was r = .38. The evidence does not settle whether loneliness causes hoarding, because only one experiment tested this.
Celý souhrn studie Context · Findings · Implications · Co nepřeceňovat
Context
Attachment theory suggests that loneliness may drive hoarding symptoms. Earlier studies disagreed, so the picture was unclear. This systematic review asked three questions. Are people with hoarding disorder lonelier than healthy and clinical controls? Is loneliness linked to hoarding severity? Does loneliness cause hoarding? The authors searched PsycINFO, Medline and Web of Science up to 16 May 2025. They included quantitative studies that measured both hoarding and loneliness. They excluded hoarding caused by other conditions, such as dementia or psychosis. Eleven papers with 13 studies met the criteria, covering 2,715 participants. The authors rated study quality with a 13-item tool. They then pooled correlations in a random-effects meta-analysis.
Findings
Four studies compared loneliness in people diagnosed with hoarding disorder against control groups. Three used the UCLA Loneliness Scale and one used a single depression-scale item. All four found higher loneliness in the hoarding group than in healthy controls. Effect sizes were moderate to large, from d = 0.77 to d = 1.24. On the UCLA scale, average scores fell in the moderate to severe range. Comparisons with clinical groups were mixed. One study found no difference between hoarding disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (d = –0.15). Another found the hoarding group was lonelier (d = 0.54). The meta-analysis pooled 10 correlations from 8 papers, with 2,287 participants. The pooled association was r = .38 (95% CI .33 to .44). Heterogeneity was moderate (I2 = 41.4%). The authors found no sign of publication bias. Two studies reported small, non-significant correlations, but both had small samples. Only one experiment tested causality. It gave 298 online participants a brief loneliness intervention or an active control. Hoarding severity did not change significantly. The authors note several limits. Most studies measured loneliness and hoarding at one time point only. Most used analogue samples, such as students or crowdsourcing workers, rather than diagnosed clients. Only four studies included people formally diagnosed with hoarding disorder. All studies came from English-speaking Western countries. The authors suggest this may underestimate the true link in clinical groups.
Implications
The authors recommend that clinicians assess loneliness and social isolation during initial assessment. They suggest tracking how loneliness relates to hoarding and wellbeing over time. This may show whether loneliness triggers hoarding for a given client. Loneliness harms mental and physical health, so reducing it matters in its own right. Evidence-based loneliness interventions exist and could be added to hoarding treatment. Group formats may help, because clients often value social contact in group therapy. Be clear with clients that the direction of the link is still unknown. Hoarding may cause loneliness through shame and conflict, and loneliness may in turn deepen attachment to possessions. Both directions are plausible, and the research has not settled it.
Co nepřeceňovat
Do not tell clients that loneliness causes hoarding. Only one small experiment tested this, and it found no clear change in hoarding severity. Most studies were cross-sectional and used student or online samples. Only four included people formally diagnosed with hoarding disorder. All came from English-speaking Western countries. Say the link is consistent and moderate, but the direction is unknown.
Zdroje
- Yap K, Sabel I, Cooper DDJ, Chen W, Grisham JR (2026). Loneliness in hoarding disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1352465826101398